Understanding Zika Virus
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne illness that usually causes mild symptoms in adults but can lead to severe birth defects if contracted during pregnancy.
Key Fact: Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other severe brain malformations in infants.
Common Symptoms
Fever and Rash
A mild fever and flat, red rash covered with small bumps.
Joint Pain
Pain primarily in the small joints of the hands and feet.
Conjunctivitis
Red eyes without pus, accompanied by light sensitivity.
Headache
Mild to moderate pain in the head and behind the eyes.
Risk Factors
- Living in or traveling to areas with active Zika transmission
- Unprotected sex with a partner who has traveled to Zika-prone regions
- Lack of mosquito protection (nets, repellent)
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is confirmed by testing the blood, urine, or saliva for the virus or its antibodies.
RT-PCR Test
Zika IgM Antibody Test
PRNT (Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test)
Ultrasound (during pregnancy)
Common Treatments
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Rest and Fluids: Managing symptoms with plenty of hydration and sleep while the virus runs its course.
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Pain Relievers: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) to manage fever and pain; avoid aspirin or NSAIDs until dengue is ruled out.
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Birth Defect Screening: Close monitoring and specialized ultrasounds for pregnant women who have been exposed.