Understanding Yellow Fever
Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes. The ‘yellow’ in the name refers to the jaundice that affects some patients.
Key Fact: Yellow fever is preventable by an extremely effective, safe, and affordable vaccine. A single dose is sufficient to confer life-long immunity.
Common Symptoms
Jaundice
Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to liver involvement in the toxic phase.
High Fever
Onset of high fever accompanied by chills and muscle pain.
Bleeding
Hemorrhaging from the nose, mouth, eyes, or stomach (black vomit).
Back Pain
Severe backaches and generalized body pain.
Risk Factors
- Traveling to or living in tropical areas of Africa or South America
- Not being vaccinated
- Exposure to mosquitoes in jungle or urban settings
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is confirmed by checking for the virus or its specific antibodies in the blood.
ELISA for IgM Antibodies
RT-PCR Test
Viral Isolation
Liver Function Tests
Common Treatments
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Supportive Care: There is no specific antiviral; treatment focuses on managing dehydration, liver/kidney failure, and fever.
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Blood Transfusions: May be necessary to treat severe hemorrhaging in the toxic phase.
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Vaccination: The primary preventive measure for travelers to endemic regions.