Understanding West Nile Virus
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus that can cause a viral infection. While most people have no symptoms, it can lead to severe neurological disease.
Key Fact: Most people (about 80%) infected with West Nile virus do not develop any symptoms at all.
Common Symptoms
High Fever
A sudden onset of fever during the acute phase of infection.
Headache and Body Ache
Pain in the head and across the muscles and joints.
Skin Rash
A flat red rash on the chest, stomach, and back that occurs in about 20% of cases.
Neurological Symptoms
In severe cases, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, or paralysis.
Risk Factors
- Spending time outdoors in mosquito-prone areas
- Exposure during summer and early fall
- Older age (increases risk of severe disease)
- Weakened immune system
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on symptoms and lab tests that check for antibodies to the virus in blood or spinal fluid.
WNV IgM Antibody Test
PCR Test
Lumbar Puncture (for severe cases)
CT/MRI of the Brain
Common Treatments
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Supportive Care: Hospitalization, IV fluids, and pain medication for patients with severe symptoms.
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Respiratory Support: Using a ventilator if the virus causes inflammation in the brain or spinal cord.
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Prevention: Using mosquito repellent and wearing long sleeves to avoid bites in the first place.