Understanding Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is an impairment in the way the body regulates and uses sugar (glucose) as a fuel. It results in too much sugar circulating in the bloodstream.
Key Fact: Type 2 diabetes is more common in older adults, but the number of children with the disease is increasing due to obesity.
Common Symptoms
Increased Thirst
Needing to drink much more water than usual (polydipsia).
Frequent Urination
Needing to urinate much more often, especially at night (polyuria).
Fatigue
Feeling constantly tired and lacking energy even after rest.
Blurred Vision
High blood sugar levels damaging the tiny blood vessels in the eyes.
Risk Factors
- Being overweight or obese
- Physical inactivity
- Family history
- Race and ethnicity
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on fasting blood sugar levels or an A1C test.
Glycated Hemoglobin (A1C) Test
Fasting Blood Sugar Test
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Random Blood Sugar Test
Common Treatments
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Healthy Eating: Focusing on high-fiber, low-fat foods and monitoring carbohydrate intake.
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Physical Activity: At least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week.
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Metformin: The first medication usually prescribed to help the body use insulin more effectively.