Understanding Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects your lungs. The bacteria that cause TB are spread through tiny droplets released into the air.
Key Fact: TB is preventable and curable, yet it remains one of the world's deadliest infectious diseases.
Common Symptoms
Persistent Cough
A cough that lasts three or more weeks and may produce blood or sputum.
Chest Pain
Pain while breathing or coughing as the infection damages lung tissue.
Unintentional Weight Loss
Rapid loss of weight and loss of appetite.
Night Sweats
Episodes of drenching perspiration during sleep, often with a low-grade fever.
Risk Factors
- Weakened immune system (HIV/AIDS)
- Living in areas with high TB rates
- Healthcare work with TB patients
- Poverty and substance abuse
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves checking the skin for a reaction or testing blood and sputum.
TB Skin Test (Mantoux)
IGRA Blood Test
Chest X-ray
Sputum Culture
Common Treatments
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Antibiotic Course: Taking specific drugs like isoniazid or rifampin for 6 to 9 months without interruption.
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DOTS Program: Directly Observed Therapy Short-course to ensure patients finish their medication.
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Drug-resistant TB Care: Intensive management for TB strains that do not respond to standard medications.