Understanding Rabies
Rabies is a deadly virus spread to people from the saliva of infected animals. The rabies virus is usually transmitted through a bite.
Key Fact: Once a person begins showing signs and symptoms of rabies, the disease is nearly always fatal. For this reason, anyone who may have a risk of contracting rabies should receive rabies vaccinations for protection.
Common Symptoms
Flu-like Symptoms
Fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting that can last for days.
Hyperactivity
Being unusually active, excited, or agitated.
Fear of Water
Difficulty swallowing and fear of water (hydrophobia) because of spasms in the throat.
Confusion and Hallucinations
Mental distress, confusion, and seeing or hearing things that aren't there.
Risk Factors
- Traveling or living in areas with many rabies cases
- Outdoor activities like camping or exploring caves with bats
- Working with laboratory rabies virus
- Head or neck bites (allow virus to reach brain faster)
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
Diagnosis in humans involves several laboratory tests on samples of saliva, serum, spinal fluid, and skin biopsies.
Common Treatments
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Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP): A series of rabies vaccinations and rabies immune globulin (HRIG) given immediately after exposure.
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Wound Cleansing: Aggressive cleaning of the bite wound with soap and water to reduce viral load.
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Experimental Protocols: Management in specialized units for rare cases where symptoms have already started (e.g., Milwaukee protocol).