Understanding Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) where the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers.
Key Fact: The cause of MS is unknown, but it's believed to be a combination of genetics and environmental factors that trigger an autoimmune response.
Common Symptoms
Numbness or Weakness
Usually occurs on one side of the body at a time, or the legs and trunk.
Vision Problems
Double vision, blurry vision, or partial/complete loss of vision in one eye.
Tingling and Pain
Electric-shock sensations that occur with certain neck movements.
Fatigue and Dizziness
Feeling extremely tired and having issues with balance and coordination.
Risk Factors
- Age (between 20 and 40)
- Female sex
- Living in temperate climates with less sunlight (Vitamin D deficiency)
- Family history
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves finding evidence of damage in at least two separate areas of the central nervous system.
Common Treatments
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Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs): Medications that target the immune system to slow disease progression and reduce relapses.
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Corticosteroids: Used during acute attacks to reduce nerve inflammation.
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Physical Therapy: Exercises to help maintain strength, balance, and manage muscle spasticity.