Understanding Malaria
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.
Key Fact: Malaria is preventable and curable, yet it continues to significantly impact global health, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.
Common Symptoms
Periodic Fever
Fever and chills that occur in cycles (paroxysms) every 48 to 72 hours.
Headache
Intense headaches often accompanied by nausea and sweating.
Muscle Aches
Generalized body aches and fatigue that can mimic the flu.
Anemia
Jaundice and anemia resulting from the destruction of red blood cells by the parasite.
Risk Factors
- Living in or visiting tropical/subtropical regions
- Lack of mosquito netting or repellent
- Not taking preventive antimalarial medications
- Weakened immunity (especially in children and pregnant women)
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is confirmed by examining blood under a microscope or using rapid tests.
Microscopy (Blood Smear)
Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)
PCR Test
CBC (Complete Blood Count)
Common Treatments
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ACT Therapy: Artemisinin-based combination therapy is the most effective treatment for P. falciparum malaria.
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Chloroquine: Still used in areas where the malaria parasites remain sensitive to the drug.
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Supportive Care: IV fluids and management of complications like cerebral malaria or severe anemia.