Understanding Kidney Stones
Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys and can be extremely painful when passing through the urinary tract.
Key Fact: Drinking enough water is the most important step you can take to prevent the formation of kidney stones.
Common Symptoms
Severe Flank Pain
Sharp, cramping pain in the back and side, often radiating to the lower abdomen and groin.
Blood in Urine
Urine that appears pink, red, or brown (hematuria).
Nausea and Vomiting
Intense pain often triggers gastric distress and vomiting.
Frequent Urination
Needing to urinate more often or feeling a persistent urge to go.
Risk Factors
- Dehydration
- Diets high in protein, salt, and sugar
- Obesity
- Family or personal history of stones
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is confirmed through imaging to locate the stone and size its dimensions.
CT Scan (Non-contrast)
Abdominal X-ray (KUB)
Urinalysis
Blood Calcium and Uric Acid Tests
Common Treatments
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Hydration and Pain Management: Drinking water to help pass small stones and taking pain meds as needed.
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Lithotripsy (ESWL): Using sound waves to break stones into tiny pieces that can be passed easily.
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Ureteroscopy: A procedure to remove or break up stones using a small scope passed through the urethra.