Understanding Juvenile Arthritis
Juvenile arthritis (JA) is an umbrella term used to describe inflammatory and rheumatic diseases that develop in children under the age of 16.
Key Fact: The most common form is juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), which can affect one or many joints and can persist for months or years.
Common Symptoms
Joint Pain
Children may complain of pain or may be observed limping, especially in the morning.
Swelling
Visible joint swelling, often in larger joints like the knee.
Stiffness
Limited range of motion and stiffness that improves with movement during the day.
Fever and Rash
In systemic JIA, children may have high daily fevers and a faint pink rash.
Risk Factors
- Genetics
- Environmental triggers (viral or bacterial infections)
- Abnormal immune system response
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is often a process of exclusion as many childhood conditions can cause joint pain.
Full Physical Exam
RF and ANA Blood Tests
X-rays and MRI
Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
Common Treatments
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Biologic Agents: Targeted medications that block specific immune system responses causing inflammation.
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Physical Activity: Swimming and other low-impact exercises to maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength.
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NSAIDs: Medications like ibuprofen to help control pain and reduce swelling.