Understanding Influenza (Flu)
Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs.
Key Fact: The flu can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. The best way to prevent flu is by getting a flu vaccine each year.
Common Symptoms
Fever and Chills
High fever, although not everyone with flu will have a fever.
Cough
Dry, persistent cough that can lead to chest discomfort.
Muscle Aches
Severe muscle or body aches that can be debilitating.
Headache
Intense headaches often accompanied by fatigue.
Risk Factors
- Age (children and seniors)
- Chronic medical conditions (asthma, heart disease)
- Pregnancy
- Weakened immune system
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is often based on clinical symptoms during a flu outbreak, confirmed by rapid tests.
Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Test (RIDT)
RT-PCR Test
Viral Culture
Clinical Assessment
Common Treatments
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Antiviral Drugs: Prescription medicines (like Tamiflu) that can make flu illness milder and shorten the time you are sick.
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Annual Vaccination: Getting the yearly flu shot is the most effective way to prevent infection.
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Supportive Care: Drinking plenty of fluids and taking fever-reducing medications like acetaminophen.