Understanding Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus).
Key Fact: If left untreated, chronic GERD can lead to serious complications such as Barrett's esophagus or esophageal cancer.
Common Symptoms
Heartburn
A burning sensation in your chest (heartburn), usually after eating.
Regurgitation
Backflow of sour or bitter-tasting acid into the throat or mouth.
Difficulty Swallowing
A feeling that food is stuck in your throat (dysphagia).
Chronic Cough
A persistent cough caused by acid irritating the larynx.
Risk Factors
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Smoking
- Hiatal hernia
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
Diagnosis can often be made based on symptoms, but imaging may be needed to check for damage.
Upper Endoscopy
Ambulatory Acid (pH) Test
Esophageal Manometry
Transnasal Esophagoscopy
Common Treatments
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Antacids: Over-the-counter medications that provide quick relief by neutralizing stomach acid.
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H2 Blockers: Medicines that reduce the amount of acid your stomach produces.
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PPIs: Proton pump inhibitors that provide stronger acid reduction and allow time for healing.