Understanding Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis, commonly known as the stomach flu, is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines, usually caused by a virus.
Key Fact: Viral gastroenteritis is a major cause of diarrhea in children and is highly contagious through contaminated food or water.
Common Symptoms
Watery Diarrhea
Frequent, non-bloody diarrhea which can lead to rapid fluid loss.
Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting that typically peak during the first 24 hours.
Abdominal Cramps
Painful spasms and discomfort in the stomach area.
Mild Fever
A slight increase in body temperature during the acute phase.
Risk Factors
- Exposure to infected individuals
- Consuming contaminated water or undercooked food
- Poor handwashing habits
- Young age (immunocompromised)
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is often based on symptoms alone, but stool tests can identify the specific virus or bacteria.
Clinical History
Stool Antigen Test
Electrolyte Panel
Physical Assessment of Hydration
Common Treatments
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Oral Rehydration: Sipping small amounts of electrolyte-balanced fluids to replace losses.
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BRAT Diet: Gradually reintroducing bland foods like Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, and Toast.
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Probiotics: Supplements that may help shorten the duration of diarrheal symptoms.