Understanding Depression
Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think, and how you act.
Key Fact: Depression is one of the most treatable mental disorders, with between 80% and 90% of people eventually responding well to treatment.
Common Symptoms
Persistent Sadness
Feeling 'empty' or sad most of the day, nearly every day.
Loss of Interest
Marked decrease in interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities.
Sleep Disturbances
Insomnia or sleeping too much (hypersomnia).
Fatigue
Loss of energy and feeling tired even after minor tasks.
Risk Factors
- Biochemistry (brain chemistry differences)
- Genetics
- Personality traits (low self-esteem)
- Environmental factors (trauma, loss)
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made by a healthcare professional based on a discussion of symptoms and mood patterns.
Psychological Evaluation
Physical Exam (to rule out thyroid issues)
DSM-5 Assessment
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)
Common Treatments
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Psychotherapy: Talk therapy like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or Interpersonal Therapy (IPT).
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Antidepressants: Medications that help balance brain chemicals involved in mood regulation.
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Self-Care: Regular exercise, healthy sleep habits, and maintaining social connections.