Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability caused by differences in the brain. People with ASD often have problems with social communication and interaction, and restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests.
Key Fact: The 'spectrum' in ASD refers to the wide variation in type and severity of symptoms people experience.
Common Symptoms
Social Communication Challenges
Difficulty with eye contact, facial expressions, and understanding social cues.
Repetitive Behaviors
Repeated movements or phrases, and a strong preference for rigid routines.
Restricted Interests
Intense focus on specific topics or objects to the exclusion of others.
Sensory Sensitivity
Over- or under-reaction to sounds, lights, textures, or smells.
Risk Factors
- Having a sibling with ASD
- Having certain genetic or chromosomal conditions
- Older parental age
- Preterm birth
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves developmental screening and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation by experts.
Common Treatments
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Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA): A therapy that focuses on improving specific behaviors and building skills.
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Speech-Language Therapy: Helps improve verbal, nonverbal, and social communication skills.
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Occupational Therapy: Focuses on teaching skills for independent living and managing sensory input.